RESUMO
Resumen El uso de la tecnología se ha incrementado alrededor del mundo, en México hay 71.3 millones de usuarios, siendo niños y adolescentes, el segundo grupo que más accede a Internet, a su vez se originan diversos peligros y riesgos. Por lo tanto, la familia es un factor protector que permite regular, supervisar y guiar el contenido virtual. El objetivo del presente estudio fue confirmar la estructura factorial psicométrica de la escala de conductas parentales ante el uso de tecnología en adolescentes. Participaron 594 adolescentes de la Ciudad de México. Los resultados indicaron que el modelo pertinente a las prácticas de la mamá mostró índices de ajuste aceptables: CFI = .930; IFI = .931; NFI = .897 y RMSA = .056; al igual que el del papá: CFI = .961; IFI = .961; NFI = .943 y RMSA = .059. Se cumplieron criterios de normalidad, asimismo, los reactivos tuvieron estimaciones paramétricas arriba de .50, y presentaron índices de consistencia interna Alpha de Cronbach arriba de .70. Se concluye que la escala cumple con las propiedades psicométricas aceptables y permite evaluar la percepción de los adolescentes, sobre el comportamiento de sus padres frente al uso de internet.
Abstract The use of technology has increased around the world, in Mexico there are 71.3 million Internet users, with children and adolescents being the second group who access the Internet the most. With the growth of virtual users, the dangers and risks also enlarge, therefore, the family is a protective factor that allows to regulate, supervise and guide adolescents about virtual content. The objective of the present study was to confirm the psychometric factorial structure of the scale of parental behaviors to the use of technology. 594 adolescents from Mexico City participated. The research question was: How is the statistical correspondence of the proposed items of the scale of parental behaviors to the internet use in adolescents? and the hypothesis to be tested was whether the adjustment of the confirmatory factor model that represents the structure of two subscales (one divided into four factors and other in three) of parental behaviors to the use of technology has adequate adjustment indices. The results confirmed the factorial structure of the scale oriented towards mother's practices, obtaining the next index, CFI = .930; IFI = .931; NFI = .897 and RMSA = .056, with five factors: monitoring, supervision, conflict, support and protection. Also, the factorial structure of the parent's scale was confirmed, finding appropriate adjustment indices: CFI = .961; IFI = .961; NFI = .943 and RMSA = .059, with four factors: protection, conflict, control and support. Likewise, normality criteria were met, the items had parametric estimates above .50, and presented Cronbach's Alpha internal consistency indexes above .70. Finally, it is concluded that the scale complies with the acceptable psychometric properties and allows evaluating the adolescents 'perception of their parents' behavior regarding the use of technology. The findings can be used to carry out studies on attitudes associated with the perception of parental behaviors in the virtual media.
RESUMO
Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyze the divergences in perception of parental practices, positive behavior and problems between parents and children. The participants, parents and adolescents, collaborated voluntarily and were examined in the following dyads: 248 fathers-sons, 241fathers-daughters, 237 mothers-sons, and 241 mothers-daughters. The psychometric instruments used were the Strengths and Difficulties Scale and the Parental Practices Scale for mothers and fathers. To achieve the main objective, correlation analysis, path analysis and differences of means with related samples were performed. The results showed correlations, from moderate to low, between parental practices, problems and prosocial behavior. In addition, different predictive factors of the children's behaviors were obtained, according to the sex of the parents and the parental practices they implemented. Finally, there were divergences between reports of parental practices, prosocial behavior and problems between parents and their children. Therefore, it is concluded that parental behavior is oriented according to the sexual role of their children, which involves social desirability.
Resumo O presente estudo teve como finalidade analisar as divergências na percepção das práticas parentais, no comportamento positivo e nas problemáticas entre pais e filhos. Os participantes, pais e adolescentes, colaboraram de maneira voluntária e foram avaliados nas seguintes díades: 248 pais-filhos, 241 pais-filhas, 237 mães-filhos e 241 mães-filhas. Os instrumentos utilizados foram a Escala de Capacidades e Dificuldades e a Escala de Práticas Parentais para mães e pais. Para alcançar o objetivo principal, realizaram-se análises de correlação, análises de caminhos e diferenças de médias com amostras relacionadas. Os resultados mostraram correlações - de moderadas a baixas - entre as práticas parentais, os problemas e a conduta pró-social, além de diferentes fatores preditivos das condutas dos filhos a partir do gênero dos pais e das práticas parentais exercidas. Houve divergências entre os relatórios de práticas parentais, conduta pró-social e problemas entre os pais e seus filhos. Conclui-se que a conduta parental é orientada de acordo com o gênero dos filhos, o que implica certa desejabilidade social relacionada com seu papel como homens ou como mulheres.
Resumen El presente estudio tuvo como finalidad analizar las divergencias en la percepción de las prácticas parentales, el comportamiento positivo y las problemáticas entre padres e hijos. Los participantes, padres y adolescentes, colaboraron de manera voluntaria y se evaluaron en las siguientes díadas: 248 padres-hijos, 241 padres-hijas, 237 madres-hijos, y 241 madres-hijas. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Escala de Capacidades y Dificultades y la Escala de Prácticas Parentales para madres y padres. Para lograr el objetivo principal se realizaron análisis de correlación, análisis de senderos y diferencias de medias con muestras relacionadas. Los resultados mostraron correlaciones -de moderadas a bajas- entre las prácticas parentales, los problemas y la conducta prosocial, además de diferentes factores predictores de las conductas de los hijos a partir del sexo de los padres y las prácticas parentales ejercidas. Se presentaron divergencias entre los reportes de prácticas parentales, conducta prosocial y problemas entre los padres y sus hijos. Se concluye que la conducta parental se orienta según el sexo de los hijos, lo cual implica cierta deseabilidad social relacionada con su rol como hombres o como mujeres.